A clustering based matrix for selecting optimal tools and techniques in quality management

The purpose of this research was to explore a systematic pattern for selecting quality tools and techniques in the manufacturing and service industries. This study asked, “What are the best DMAIC tools and techniques concerning circumstances of quality dimensions of products and services?” To answer this question, this research developed innovative, diagnostic matrices by mimicking the contradiction matrix of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). These innovative matrices are intended to help non-expert users to select the best sets of quality tools and techniques for solving different quality problems. By conducting a cluster analysis, the researcher uncovered homogeneous patterns of enough quality case studies, which ultimately provided the basis for selecting optimal groups of quality tools and techniques in different circumstances. Thus, the researcher examined the association and prevalence of different quality tools and techniques (independent variables) and the quality dimensions (dependent variables). The study developed the contradiction matrix for manufacturing, which includes the optimal 17 DMAIC lists of tools and techniques. Also, the study developed the contradiction matrix for service, which ultimately includes the optimal 15 DMAIC lists of tools and techniques. After developing and verifying the developed contradiction matrices, the researcher discussed their strengths and limitations as well as their roles for selecting the appropriate quality tools and techniques in the manufacturing and service industries. The results of this research can be used as a basis for many future investigations in the field of quality management and innovation

Traumatic Injuries of the Dorso-lumbar Spine, Review of Surgical Approaches

In this review we supply information on medical methods for thoraco-lumbar spine fracture management, their efficiency and complication rates, based on previously published researches and also give background information on epidemiology and classification of thoraco-lumbar fractures. We conducted a narrative review over the literature using electronic databases as; MEDLINE, and EMBASE for studies involving data on Dorso-lumbar Spine traumatic injuries, published in September 2019. Spine fractures account for a large portion of musculoskeletal injuries worldwide. A classification of back cracks is essential in order to establish a typical language for therapy indicators and results. Clinical exam, mechanism of injury, and imaging are heavily trusted to choose regarding medical versus non-surgical management

New-onset and relapsed liver diseases following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review

Background: Liver diseases post-COVID-19 vaccination is extremely rare but can occur. A growing body of evidence has indicated that portal vein thrombosis, autoimmune hepatitis, raised liver enzymes and liver injuries, etc., may be potential consequence of COVID-19 vaccines. Objectives: To describe the results of a systematic review for new-onset and relapsed liver disease following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: For this systematic review, we searched Proquest, Medline, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Wiley online library, Scopus and Nature through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses PRISMA guideline for studies on the incidence of new onset or relapsed liver diseases post-COVID-19 vaccination, published from December 1, 2020 to July 31, 2022, with English language restriction. Results: Two hundred seventy-five cases from one hundred and eighteen articles were included in the qualitative synthesis of this systematic review. Autoimmune hepatitis (138 cases) was the most frequent pathology observed post-COVID-19 vaccination, followed by portal vein thrombosis (52 cases), raised liver enzymes (26 cases) and liver injury (21 cases). Other cases include splanchnic vein thrombosis, acute cellular rejection of the liver, jaundice, hepatomegaly, acute hepatic failure and hepatic porphyria. Mortality was reported in any of the included cases for acute hepatic failure (n = 4, 50%), portal vein thrombosis (n = 25, 48.1%), splanchnic vein thrombosis (n = 6, 42.8%), jaundice (n = 1, 12.5%), raised liver enzymes (n = 2, 7.7%), and autoimmune hepatitis (n = 3, 2.2%). Most patients were easily treated without any serious complications, recovered and did not require long-term hepatic therapy. Conclusion: Reported evidence of liver diseases post-COIVD-19 vaccination should not discourage vaccination against this worldwide pandemic. The number of reported cases is relatively very small in relation to the hundreds of millions of vaccinations that have occurred and the protective benefits offered by COVID-19 vaccination far outweigh the risks

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population